Diet culture is the water we're all swimming in. It鈥檚 a system that upholds thinness and says the smaller your body, the greater your moral superiority. But there鈥檚 no body shape that鈥檚 intrinsically good or bad.
Host Anita Rao unpacks the science that props up diet culture with anti-diet registered dietician and certified internal medicine physician . She also hears from , ultrarunner and author of 鈥淎 Beautiful Work in Progress,鈥� about how she鈥檚 pushing back against the ways diet culture manifests in the doctor's office and on the trails.
Also joining the conversation are , owner of Decolonizing Fitness, and , associate professor of history at The New School, to talk about the history of fitness culture and its intersections with diet culture.
10 important lessons to take away about diet culture
1. Diet culture is rooted in racism and misogyny
鈥淓arly evolutionary biologists who were working around [the 1800s] started to point to fatness as a mark of 鈥榚volutionary inferiority,鈥欌�� says Christy Harrison, registered dietician and author of "Anti-Diet: Reclaim Your Time, Money, Well-Being, and Happiness Through Intuitive Eating."
This thinking has been used to justify the oppression of people considered to have 鈥渆xcess鈥� body fat, including women and people of color.
2. Body Mass Index (BMI) wasn鈥檛 meant to be used as an indicator of health
In fact, this method of determining one鈥檚 body mass wasn鈥檛 even invented by a medical professional.
鈥淚t was actually originally created by a Belgian astronomer in the 1830s,鈥� says Dr. Louise Metz, an internal medicine physician based in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 鈥淚t was designed for populations 鈥� not for individuals 鈥� and was not designed to define health in any way.鈥�
3. It鈥檚 impossible to determine someone鈥檚 health or fitness based on the way they look
Just ask Mirna Valerio, creator of the blog Fat Girl Running, who frequently fields 鈥渃oncerns鈥� about her larger size despite the fact that she trains for marathons on a near-daily basis.
鈥淭he questions are always there on people's faces,鈥� Valerio says of the weight stigma she encounters on the trail. 鈥淭he questions about whether I really do the things that I say that I do 鈥� because I'm still fat, despite the fact that I've done 14 ultramarathons and 10 marathons.鈥�
4. Medical fatphobia prevents people of all sizes from receiving adequate healthcare
For those in larger bodies, the prevalence of medical fatphobia means doctors can be quick to attribute their symptoms to their weight 鈥� a phenomenon that causes them to rule out other and often more insidious explanations.
鈥淭he same goes for someone in a smaller body,鈥� says Metz. 鈥淚f we assume they are healthy based on their body, we will misdiagnose a high number of people who have metabolic conditions.鈥�
5. Medical fatphobia means you can also be denied treatment based on your size
Ilya Parker, physical therapist assistant and founder of Decolonizing Fitness, describes the experience of being denied gender-affirming treatment as a result of weight stigma: 鈥淚 experienced a lot of medical gatekeeping from my primary care physicians, who were literally refusing to initiate gender-affirming care or refer me to an endocrinologist, which is who I needed to see to receive hormone replacement therapy.鈥�
6. Diet culture has always been about money, not health
At the turn of the century, many doctors took their cues from the burgeoning life insurance industry when deciding which bodies posed the highest financial risk. According to Harrison, doctors at the time began encouraging patients to lose weight 鈥渁s a way of supposedly reducing health risks, but really, it was about reducing monetary risks from the insurance industry.鈥�
7. Intentional weight loss is rarely permanent
鈥淲e see in the research that up to 98% of the time when people embark on weight loss efforts, they end up regaining all the weight they lost within five years,鈥� says Harrison. 鈥淚n fact, up to two-thirds of people who embark on weight loss efforts may regain more weight than they lost.鈥�
8. Language used in fitness spaces perpetuates transphobia
Based on his own experiences of being a transmasculine participant in group exercise classes, Parker urges fellow fitness instructors and trainers to reconsider their gendered language.
鈥淚t's countless group classes that I've been in where language was so important, especially when you're like: Hey, guys can only do this exercise, ladies can only do this exercise. And then also making the assumption that you know who's in the room.鈥�
9. Diet culture claims that fatness is un-American
Historian Natalia Petrzela traces this connection back to the 1950s, when physical fitness began to be touted as a key component of American citizenship. 鈥淸Politicians] spoke of this in unapologetically fat-shaming ways,鈥� Petrzela says. 鈥淚 mean, JFK gives this big talk about the 鈥榮oft American鈥� and how an American who is physically soft is a national liability.鈥�
10. You can decline to be weighed at the doctor鈥檚 office
鈥淟et your provider know that you would like medical care from a 鈥楬ealth at Every Size鈥� perspective,鈥� says Metz. 鈥淎nd if you do not want to discuss weight or weight management at your visit, then you have the right to ask for that.鈥�
